Independent ballistic experts have told the BBC that injuries sustained by some Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) supporters during last week's protest in the Indian capital were caused by pellet guns.
独立弹道专家向 BBC 表示，上周在印度首都抗议活动中，部分“蟑螂人民党”（CJP）支持者所受的伤害是由霰弹枪造成的。
Central Delhi witnessed overwhelming violence on 20 July when tens of thousands of protesters tried to march to the parliament to seek education reforms and the resignation of the education minister.
7 月 20 日，新德里市中心见证了压倒性的暴力场面，数万名抗议者试图向议会进军，要求教育改革及教育部长辞职。
Police and paramilitary personnel were seen brutally attacking the crowds with wooden sticks, batons and tear gas. Delhi Police said 60 protesters and 118 of their personnel were injured. CJP said the number of injured protesters was a lot higher than the official count.
警方和准军事人员被看到用木棍、警棍和催泪瓦斯残酷地攻击人群。德里警方称有 60 名抗议者和 118 名警员受伤。CJP 称受伤抗议者的数量远高于官方统计。
In the days following the crackdown, the government has not confirmed media reports that pellet guns were used on protesters.
在镇压行动后的几天里，政府尚未证实媒体关于对抗议者使用霰弹枪的报道。
But the BBC has been able to confirm at least four cases where protesters have been treated at hospitals for wounds that experts say are caused by pellet guns.
但 BBC 已确认至少四起案例，抗议者在医院接受治疗，专家称其伤口由霰弹枪造成。
Pellet guns are shotguns designed for bird hunting. They fire cartridges, known as "birdshot", containing 200 to 400 small metal pellets. When used against crowds, the pellets spread out in a wide arc, striking people indiscriminately. These guns are banned in several countries.
霰弹枪是专为猎鸟设计的猎枪。它们发射被称为“鸟弹”的弹药，内含 200 至 400 颗小金属弹丸。当用于对付人群时，弹丸呈大弧线散开，不分青红皂白地击中人们。这类枪支在多个国家已被禁止。
We have spoken to two of the injured men who believe they were hit by pellet guns fired by security forces. We have also shown photographs and videos of them and a third man to two independent armament and forensic experts. A senior official at a hospital has confirmed a fourth man who also received treatment for pellet wounds.
我们采访了两名受伤男子，他们相信是被安全部队发射的霰弹枪击中的。我们还向两名独立的军备和法医专家展示了他们以及第三名男子的照片和视频。一家医院的高级官员也确认了第四名男子，他也因霰弹枪伤接受了治疗。
The experts say the dozens of tiny round punctures are tell-tale signs of injuries caused by birdshot.
专家称，数十个微小的圆形穿刺伤是鸟弹造成伤害的典型迹象。
"The injuries depicted are definitely from a pellet gun," UK-based ballistics forensic scientist Philip Boyce told the BBC, adding that the weapon used is "a 12-gauge pump-action shotgun".
英国弹道法医科学家菲利普·博伊茨告诉 BBC：“图中所示的伤口肯定来自霰弹枪”，并补充说使用的武器是“12 号泵动式猎枪”。
"These pellet injuries can actually be quite devastating, especially at close range. The injuries I see [in Delhi] are not at close range, they're at least 50 feet. But they can actually still be devastating and potentially life-threatening even from 100 feet," he said.
“这些霰弹枪伤实际上可能非常具有破坏性，尤其是在近距离。我在 [德里] 看到的伤口并非近距离造成，至少也有 50 英尺远。但在 100 英尺外，它们仍然可能具有破坏性，甚至危及生命，”他说。
NR Jenzen-Jones, director of Armament Research Services (ARES) in UK, told the BBC that "images and video from the protests show the police using shotguns for crowd control" and photos of "injuries are strongly consistent with the use of birdshot".
英国军备研究服务（ARES）主任 NR Jenzen-Jones 告诉 BBC，抗议活动的“图像和视频显示警方使用猎枪进行人群控制”，且伤口的照片“与使用鸟弹高度一致”。
"While shotguns are a common tool in the less-lethal arsenals of many states, Indian law enforcement agencies have a long history of employing shotgun cartridges loaded with small lead pellets - known as 'birdshot' - in crowd-control scenarios. When loaded with birdshot cartridges, shotguns are sometimes referred to as 'pellet guns'," he added.
他补充道：“虽然猎枪是许多国家非致命性武器库中的常见工具，但印度执法机构在人群控制场景中长期使用装有小型铅弹——即‘鸟弹’——的猎枪弹药。当装填鸟弹时，猎枪有时被称为‘霰弹枪’。”
"But these pellets are not safe. They can result in life-changing or, occasionally, life-threatening injuries. They also pepper the body with toxic lead, which can sometimes be difficult to remove safely," he said.
“但这些弹丸并不安全。它们可能导致改变人生的伤害，或偶尔危及生命。它们还会让身体遍布有毒的铅，有时很难安全地取出，”他说。
That's why many countries have either banned them or restricted their usage. In the UK, Boyce says pellet guns are widely used for shooting birds of prey and they're fairly freely available. But, he's "not aware" of any instance when they've been used for crowd control.
这就是为什么许多国家要么禁止它们，要么限制其使用。在英国，博伊茨说霰弹枪广泛用于射杀猛禽，且相当容易获得。但他“不知道”任何将其用于人群控制的案例。
In Indian-administered Kashmir - where pellet guns have been used since 2010 - official data,, external compiled by Human Rights Watch, shows they have injured several thousand people, killed at least 17 and blinded dozens.
在印度管理的克什米尔地区——自 2010 年以来一直使用霰弹枪——人权观察组织汇编的官方数据显示，它们已造成数千人受伤，至少 17 人死亡，数十人失明。
If it's confirmed that the forces used pellet guns in Delhi, this would be the first time that India would have used them on its citizens in its capital city.
如果证实安全部队在新德里使用了霰弹枪，这将是印度首次在首都对其公民使用此类武器。
The article’s focus on 'ballistic experts' and 'wounds consistent with pellet-gun fire' centers the state’s narrative of 'violence' while obscuring the structural violence of the education reforms that sparked the march. By framing the protesters as 'Cockroach Janta Party' and detailing their injuries as forensic anomalies rather than the predictable outcome of state-sanctioned brutality, the piece depoliticizes the harm. We must ask: who is protected by this 'less-lethal' arsenal, and who is deemed expendable in the name of 'sovereignty' and order?
文章聚焦于‘弹道专家’和‘与弹丸枪伤一致的伤口’，将国家关于‘暴力’的叙事置于中心，却掩盖了引发游行的教育改革背后的结构性暴力。通过将抗议者称为‘蟑螂人民党’并将他们的受伤描述为法医异常现象，而非国家授权的暴力的可预见结果，这篇文章去政治化了这种伤害。我们必须问：在这种‘非致命’武器库的保护下是谁？谁又为了‘主权’和秩序被视作可牺牲的？